European businesses in China have grown more pessimistic in their growth outlook, as the effects of a protracted trade war begin to take their toll on both the Chinese and world economies, according to a survey released yesterday.

While some pundits had expected European firms to benefit from the clash between the United States and China, any gains have been far outweighed by the negative impact on global supply chains and added uncertainty in the business environment, said the European Union Chamber of Commerce in China.