China at crossroads after 40 years of reform and progress

Deng-era policies have been reversed under President Xi Jinping. The question is, will there be another course correction in the face of growing foreign and domestic pressures?

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There is no doubt that 40 years of reform and opening up, started in 1978 by the reformist leader Deng Xiaoping, have changed China for the better and brought huge benefits to its people.

More than 800 million Chinese were lifted out of poverty during this time, in "one of the great stories in human history", as World Bank chief Jim Yong Kim put it.

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A version of this article appeared in the print edition of The Sunday Times on December 16, 2018, with the headline China at crossroads after 40 years of reform and progress. Subscribe