LOS ANGELES (REUTERS) - Human-caused climate change has intensified the withering drought gripping the South-western United States, the region's most severe on record, with precipitation at the lowest 20-month level documented since 1895, a US government report said on Tuesday (Sept 21).
Over the same period, from January last year through last month, the region also experienced the third-highest daily average temperatures measured since record-keeping began near the end of the 19th century, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) drought task force.
The study warned that extreme drought conditions are likely to worsen and repeat themselves "until stringent climate mitigation is pursued and regional warming trends are reversed".
The drought emerged early last year in California, Nevada and the "Four Corners" states of Arizona, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico, and has led to unprecedented water shortages in reservoirs across the region, while fueling devastating western wildfires over the past two years, the report noted.
The study also cited dwindling reservoir levels that have threatened or disrupted drinking supplies, irrigation systems, hydropower generation, fishing and recreational activities, with immediate economic losses in the billions of dollars.
Much of the record below-normal wintertime precipitation was likely due to natural weather variations, including a La Nina pattern, while research suggests that successive summers of scant monsoonal rainfall may also occur by chance, the NOAA report said.
However, unusually high temperatures coinciding with the South-west's historic dry spell are symptomatic of human-caused climate change and have intensified the drought, making it "more impactful" in a number of ways, the report's authors concluded.
Above-normal heat helps dry up surface and soil moisture and reduces snowfall in winter, which in turn diminishes dry-season surface water storage from snow-melt runoff, the report said.
Low snowpack and parched soil can also create a "land-atmosphere feedback" that deepens a drought by helping raise ground temperatures while leaving less moisture available to evaporate for future precipitation, according to the study.
Extremely high temperatures also sharply boost demand for water, further straining depleted reservoirs and rivers.
The report noted that the drought has been so severe that states sharing the Colorado River, the region's principal river basin, experienced the first ever water delivery shortfall.
The report focuses on drought in six states comprising the American South-west, home more than 60 million people, but its implications stretch beyond that region, the authors said.
"Half of the United States is in an unprecedented drought, precisely as the country's economy is struggling to emerge from the effects of Covid-19," lead author and Dartmouth College geography professor Justin Mankin said in a statement.
While summer 2021 brought welcome monsoon rains to parts of the South-west, several years of above-average rain and high-elevation snow are needed to replenish the region's reservoirs, streams and soils.
"This suggests that for much of the US South-west, the present drought will last at least into 2022, potentially longer," the report said.
