WASHINGTON (REUTERS) - US law enforcement officials on Friday (Dec 14) were investigating a wave of hoax e-mailed bomb threats demanding bitcoin payment that caused worry but no damage in the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

On Thursday in North America, hundreds of businesses, government offices and schools received awkwardly-worded letters threatening to set off explosives if payments of US$20,000 (S$27,000) in cryptocurrency were not received.

The threats led to scattered evacuations of schools and transit stations before the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other agencies dismissed them as lacking credibility.

Hoax threats were received in cities including Washington, New York, Detroit, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Phoenix, Oklahoma City, Grand Rapids, Iowa, Denver, Ottawa and Calgary, Alberta.

Investigators do not yet know who was responsible, two federal officials said on Friday. There is no evidence to suggest that any of the recipients made ransom payments, one of the officials said.

Cisco Systems' Talos cyber-security unit said it believes the threats came from a group of fraudsters previously responsible for sending "sextortion" e-mails that claim to have videos showing the recipients having sex.

The fraudsters threaten to release compromising videos they claim to have obtained with software that recorded people through webcams on their computers.

Some of this week's bomb threats came from the same Internet addresses used in those sextortion campaigns, Talos researcher Jaeson Schultz said in a blog post.

"The criminals conducting these extortion e-mail attacks have demonstrated that they are willing to concoct any threat and story imaginable that they believe would fool the recipient," the blog said.

"We expect these sorts of attacks to continue as long as there are victims who will believe these threats to be credible, and be scared enough to send money to the attackers," it said.

A similar series of hoax bomb threats occurred in December 2015, prompting officials in Los Angeles to close the city's public school system, which national law enforcement officials later criticised as an over-reaction.

Two weeks previously, a married couple inspired by Islamic State in Iraq and Syria had killed 14 people at a California county office building in a shooting rampage.

A teenager with dual Israeli-US citizenship was arrested in Israel in March 2017 for making bomb threats to more than 100 Jewish organisations and Jewish community centres in dozens of US states over several months.