MARRAKESH (Morocco) • A United Nations climate summit in Marrakesh, tasked with implementing the hard-won Paris Agreement, moved towards its scheduled close yesterday, dogged by United States President-elect Donald Trump's promise to abandon the landmark pact.

The 196-nation forum was stunned to see an avowed climate-change denier capture the White House, and has been left to ponder the impact that could have on its collective effort to beat back the threat of global warming.

The conference sought to shore up its commitment with a rare united appeal. "Our climate is warming at an alarming and unprecedented rate and we have an urgent duty to respond," the 196 nations, including the outgoing US administration, said in the Marrakesh Action Proclamation. "We call for the highest political commitment to combat climate change, as a matter of urgent priority."

Many fear that Mr Trump - who has described climate change as a "hoax" perpetrated by China - will act on his threat to withdraw from the Paris accord or its framework convention, which could roll back years of painstakingly negotiated political goodwill.

It would also deprive poor countries of billions of dollars in promised financial aid, to help them shift to clean energy and shore up defences against climate change impacts that can no longer be avoided.

"We have to work on facilitating access to finance," Moroccan Foreign Minister Salaheddine Mezouar, who has taken over stewardship of the UN talks from France, said yesterday. Veteran climate negotiations analyst Alden Meyer of the Union of Concerned Scientists added: "There's no doubt that if Mr Trump makes sharp cuts to the federal government support of developing countries, that will be noticed and have an impact."

The Paris pact sets the goal of limiting average global warming to 2 deg C over pre-Industrial Revolution levels. That can only be achieved by rapidly slashing greenhouse gas emissions generated by the burning of fossil fuels, scientists say. Countries, including the US, have pledged to do so under the deal by shifting to renewable energy sources.

But Mr Trump has vowed to boost oil and gas production, and to revive the sagging US coal industry, battered mainly by the rise of natural gas from fracking.

Experts say global warming over 2 deg C will result in land-gobbling sea-level rise, worsening storms and droughts, disease spread and conflict over ever-scarcer resources. On current trends, the world is headed for warming of 3 deg C or more, a recipe for human misery on a global scale, they warn.

AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE