Though China produces many scientists and engineers each year and boasts a space programme that has sent six astronauts into orbit, its scientific achievements have lagged far behind its massive economic growth in the last several decades, as it attempts to move from imitation to innovation.

Beijing has sharply increased its investment in both basic research and technology development. It has historically spent very little in those fields.

The government is spending on research ranging from stem cells to nuclear power, both to spur economic development and to win the prestige that comes from basic breakthroughs.

The two scientists honoured on Friday - 83-year-old neurologist Wang Zhongcheng and 89-year-old chemist Xu Guangxian - received the State Top Scientific and Technological Award, created in 2000, in addition to 5 million yuan (S$1.08 million) each, the official Xinhua News Agency said.

Those working in science and technology should help businesses and rural areas become more productive, particularly during the financial crisis, Premier Wen Jiabao said, according to Xinhua. He said China's modernisation depended on scientific development.

Dr Wang published a noted book on neurology and developed surgical techniques for tumours of the brain stem and spinal cord, among other achievements, according to his official biography. Dr Xu focused his research on physical chemistry and inorganic chemistry. -- AP