Priceless remains in ruins at Mosul museum

MOSUL (Iraq) • It was once home to priceless archaeological treasures, but these days, you get into Mosul museum in Iraq's second city via a gaping hole in the basement.

In the darkness lies a pile of rubble - all that remains of two ancient Assyrian statues of winged bulls, smashed to pieces by members of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS).

Iraqi forces announced that they retook the building from ISIS last Tuesday as they pushed into west Mosul as part of an offensive to oust the militant group from the northern city.

Taking the museum was a symbolic victory. In a notorious video issued in February 2015, members of ISIS were seen attacking items at the museum with sledgehammers and pneumatic drills, destroying priceless pre-Islamic artefacts.

Today, the museum is in ruins - nothing escaped the attackers. In a darkened hall, a heap of stones marks the spot where tourists once admired two imposing "lamassu" statues, Assyrian winged bulls with human faces. The 2m-tall monuments weighed more than four tonnes, according to Iraqi archaeologist Layla Salih.

In the rubble, what appear to be the remains of carved legs and wings can be seen. Other pieces of smashed stone bear inscriptions in the cuneiform alphabet.

Amid the ruins, a hole leads to the basement, where twisted iron bars are visible in the foundations.

From time to time, an explosion rocks the building, a plain structure of ochre rock, as Iraqi forces fire rockets at ISIS positions.

On the first floor, two Iraqi snipers huddle behind narrow windows, their weapons trained. An ISIS sniper is nearby.

Assyria, with its capital Nineveh in the area of present-day Mosul, was a kingdom in northern Mesopotamia that became one of the most powerful empires in ancient Middle East. Assyrian art is famous for its bas-reliefs showing scenes of war.

The museum also housed a winged lion of similar proportions, says Ms Salih. The three lost sculptures "were among the most valuable pieces in the museum", she says. The building had housed 100 objects and all but six of them were originals. "Antiquities weighing more than four tonnes were impossible to steal, so they were destroyed," she adds.

The second-most important museum in Iraq, the building also housed Hellenic objects dating from centuries before the Christian era. But now, the iron and wood showcases are empty, covered with broken glass. Labels discarded on the ground bear witness, in Arabic and English, to inestimable losses: "Two silver goblets found in the royal cemetery of Ur... dating from 2,600 BC." "Various small objects found in the royal palaces of Nimrud - 9th century BC." Others mention pottery and a Mamluk-era copper candleholder decorated with floral motifs.

ISIS seized a string of ancient sites in their lightning 2014 advance across Iraq and Syria.

After declaring their supposed caliphate that summer, they plundered and destroyed several of them. The militants cast their destruction of artefacts as the religiously mandated elimination of idols, but they have had no qualms about selling smaller pieces on the black market to fund their rule.

In one video, they were seen using bulldozers, pickaxes and explosives to demolish Nimrud, a jewel of the Assyrian empire founded in the 13th century BC.

At Mosul museum, little survived except two massive coffins decorated with inscriptions from the Quran.

Ms Salih says they belonged to 13th-century Shiite imams. "A restoration is possible, but it will be difficult to know if we will find all the fragments, or if some are missing," she says.

AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE

Join ST's Telegram channel and get the latest breaking news delivered to you.

A version of this article appeared in the print edition of The Straits Times on March 14, 2017, with the headline Priceless remains in ruins at Mosul museum. Subscribe