PARIS • A French journalist's investigation into the alleged forgery network around art collector Giuliano Ruffini has also criticised the "great negligence" of art world experts.

The doubts first became public when French police seized a painting owned by the prince of Liechtenstein from an exhibition in Aix-en-Provence in 2016.

The prince had paid €7 million at auction for the portrait of the goddess Venus by 16th-century German painter Lucas Cranach, yet tests would soon reveal that the pigments used in the painting dated from the 20th century.

Mr Ruffini was well-known in the art world. Since the 1990s, he had sold dozens - even hundreds - of paintings by luminaries such as Parmigianino and El Greco to some of the great museums of Europe, including the Louvre, often through intermediaries.

Many, he said, had come from the collection of a former girlfriend's father, Mr Andre Borie, a civil engineer who helped build the Mont Blanc tunnel.

The Art Newspaper journalist Vincent Noce points out in a new book, L'Affaire Ruffini, that no such collection was ever documented.

He has spent five years investigating Mr Ruffini's exploits and is careful to insist that he is innocent until proven guilty.

Indeed, much of his ire is turned not on Mr Ruffini, but on the experts who failed to question the lack of documentation around the paintings they were purchasing.

"The most surprising thing is the manner in which museums, gallerists, dealers didn't try to discover the history of the canvases, allowing themselves to be seduced by the finesse of the copies," writes Noce.

"There has been a great negligence among experts and conservators who didn't question the lack of provenance of the artworks and were happy to rely on a visual examination - sometimes just a photograph - without any laboratory tests."

For some aspects of the investigation, Noce was ahead of the police, having been tipped off by two of Mr Ruffini's associates after disputes over their share of the spoils.

Noce is also caustic about Italian investigators. The tax authorities, he writes, were surprisingly not suspicious when they heard of a special oven in Mr Ruffini's laundry room in Reggio-Emilia, in which a passer-by had spotted a painting left to dry.

A French extradition request for Mr Ruffini to face fraud and counterfeiting charges is on hold while he faces a long-winded tax evasion trial in Italy.

Another extradition request - for master copyist Lino Frongia, accused of forging an El Greco and other paintings sold by Mr Ruffini - was turned down entirely by Italian judges last year, claiming a lack of evidence.

Mr Ruffini, now 75, insists he never claimed the portraits were by particular artists, that it was the experts who attached names and authentications.

He was more than happy to be interviewed by Noce and was positively "charming" in person, the writer says.

That may explain his decades of success.

"This was a huge affair with dozens and dozens of fake paintings," Mr Eric Turquin, an expert on old masters in Paris, said.

"Ruffini was not able to act without a network of thugs. There were certainly several forgers. They used nicknames, dealt through fake intermediaries, invented provenances.

"It took us a long time, myself included, to understand. Ruffini fooled the great museums and left many victims."

AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE