For example, although hand-held satellite navigation devices are available, troops still need to know how to read paper maps.

'Even if technology fails, the SAF will not,' he told the House, in response to Mr Michael Palmer (Pasir Ris-Punggol GRC), who asked about ongoing efforts to transform the SAF into a third-generation fighting force.

Mr Teo stressed that the SAF can still deliver a knockout punch even if defence technology does not work as advertised.

The Defence Ministry and the SAF have drawn up contingency plans and built in 'multiple layers' of fail-safe measures in the critical systems, as safeguards against technology failure.

For example, voice and data communications are carried out not only through wireless networks, but also through land lines.

Defence planners have also looked into making the backup systems - the power supply, information technology systems and military databases - more robust and resilient.

And to ensure that recovery from equipment failure is swift, the SAF's comprehensive contingency plans are tested regularly, said Mr Teo.

To Dr Ong Chit Chung (Jurong GRC), who asked about the SAF's operational readiness, Mr Teo explained that the third-generation SAF aims to tie the army, navy and air force together, and forge closer links with Home Team agencies like the police and civil defence force.

About half of Mindef's capital budget goes into developing today's SAF into this seamless, high-tech fighting force, he said.

The third-generation SAF has gained traction with a command structure that includes an SAF Operations Hub led by a Director of Joint Operations, and an SAF Capability Development Hub, which oversees the military's evolving needs.