ALBUQUERQUE - SPACE is preparing to go a little nuts.

It makes a difference THE team has set up towers in different orchards to record information such as air temperature, carbon dioxide levels and the rate at which trees convert sunlight to energy. Other data is collected with instruments in the soil and from tools attached to individual leaves, he said. ... more

Nasa satellite images could soon give information to nut growers about their orchard's health, allowing them to stay ahead of plant stress issues, pests and diseases that could affect crop yield and quality.

Researchers from New Mexico State University (NMSU), Texas A&M and University of California-Davis recently received a three-year grant for nearly US$870,000 (S$1.2 million) from the US Department of Agriculture's Specialty Crops Research Initiative to study nut trees and how data collected in orchards correlates to the satellite images, said Mr Rolston St. Hilaire, a plant and environmental sciences professor at NMSU.

'(The satellites) will tell us information not visible to the naked eye, like leaf temperature, for example,' Mr St. Hilaire said.

The images will capture different light wavelengths and resolutions created by the trees' energy use at a particular wavelength, Mr St. Hilaire said. The wavelengths can then tell researchers about a plant's health, which they hope will give pecan and other nut growers a way to spot plant stress early.

'If a plant is wilting, it's too late,' he said. 'Instead, you can get an early signal so you can do an intervention early in the field.' The technology 'will likely save (the farmers) money,' said Mr Richard Heerema, an extension pecan specialist with NMSU.

'If a grower can go on the Internet and see the entire orchard, they can make more precise and accurate decisions on when to irrigate. This works to minimise stress and have a minimal amount of water wasted,' he said. 'We already use irrigation water efficiently, but we're looking to push that even further and be able to tailor it to individual orchards.'

New Mexico ranks in the top three states in pecan production, and its 16,000ha crop is worth around US$100 million, he said. Researchers at Texas A&M also will focus on pecans, while UC-Davis will collect information on walnuts and almonds.

NMSU's research team also will collect data for water and nitrogen, which is a fertiliser for pecan crops, to create models in pecan orchards, Mr St. Hilaire said.

'We can already get the satellite images. It's just a matter of finding out what we are seeing so we can find the right model. We have to know what the picture is telling us,' Mr St. Hilaire said. -- AP